01. The following lines are from the header of top:
Tasks: 193 total, 1 running, 190 sleeping, 2 stopped, 0 zombie
Cpu(s): 0.5%us, 0.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 98.2%id, 1.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Which processes contribute to the percentage of time the CPU spends in the wa state?
a) Processes waiting for keyboard input from a user
b) Processes that have been stopped with SIGSTOP
c) Runnable processes waiting for a free CPU
d) Processes waiting for disk I/O operations to complete
02. An administrator has just loaded a network driver module. They want to review the module's parameters, version and dependencies, and also the messages the driver logged while it initialised.
Which commands provide this information?
(Choose TWO correct answers.)
a) modinfo
b) lsmod
c) dmesg
d) uname
03. Which utility prints a single line showing the current time, how long the system has been running, the number of logged-in users and the load averages, and then exits?
a) uptime
b) top
c) vmstat
d) sar
04. Host name lookups for host2 are failing. /etc/hosts contains these entries:
host1 192.168.1.12
host2 192.168.1.12
What is wrong with these entries?
a) Two host names cannot share the same IP address.
b) The server doing the query is on a different subnet.
c) The fields are out of order.
d) host2 is not a fully qualified domain name.
05. When the kernel unpacks an initramfs at boot, which program inside it does the kernel execute first, if present?
a) /init
b) /initrd
c) /linuxrc
d) /rc.local
e) /sbin/init
06. Logical volume /dev/vg0/data holds a mounted ext4 filesystem, and volume group vg0 has 20 GiB of free extents. The filesystem must grow by 5 GiB without being unmounted.
Which two commands achieve this?
(Choose TWO correct answers.)
a) vgextend vg0 /dev/sdc1
b) mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg0/data
c) lvextend -L +5G /dev/vg0/data
d) resize2fs /dev/vg0/data
07. On a systemd-based distribution, how can an administrator make a kernel module load automatically at every boot?
a) Run modprobe with the module name once
b) Add the module name to a .conf file in /etc/modules-load.d/
c) Add the module name to a .conf file in /etc/modprobe.d/
d) Add the module name to /etc/sysctl.conf
08. In the Linux architecture, in which execution context does the code that directly manages hardware resources, such as memory, CPU scheduling and device access, run?
a) User space
b) The C library (glibc)
c) Kernel space
d) Shell scripts
09. What is a key difference between a zImage and a bzImage kernel image?
a) A zImage is compressed with gzip, whereas a bzImage is compressed with bzip2.
b) A zImage is built for 2.6-series kernels, whereas a bzImage is built for 3.x kernels.
c) A zImage is limited to 64 KB in size, whereas a bzImage has no size restriction.
d) A zImage is loaded into low memory below 640 KB, whereas a bzImage is loaded above 1 MB.
10. Member /dev/sdb1 of the RAID 1 array /dev/md0 is reporting errors and is to be replaced. Before the new disk is added, the old member must be marked faulty and then taken out of the array.
Which two mdadm options perform these steps?
(Choose TWO correct answers.)
a) --fail
b) --remove
c) --stop
d) --examine