01. On a payments consortium's Hyperledger Fabric network, how does the role of a certificate authority (CA) differ from that of a membership service provider (MSP)?
a) The CA issues identity certificates, while the MSP lists the trusted identities and maps them to roles
b) The MSP generates and renews member certificates, while the CA decides which identities the network trusts
c) The CA executes chaincode for each client, while the MSP signs the results
d) The CA orders endorsed transactions into blocks, while the MSP validates them before commit
02. A payments firm accepts bitcoin from merchants. Its monitoring shows that two miners published different valid blocks at the same height, and one customer's payment was included only in the block that later lost out.
What happens to that payment?
a) It is lost, and the customer must sign a new transaction with a fresh fee
b) It stays confirmed, because both competing blocks remain valid parts of the ledger
c) It returns to the unconfirmed pool for inclusion in a later block on the chain with the most work
d) It is reversed by the network, and the fee is refunded to the sender's address once nodes reconverge on one chain
03. A broker's client deposits crypto collateral worth $15,000 into a DeFi lending protocol that requires a minimum collateral ratio of 150%.
What is the largest stablecoin loan the client can take while still meeting the minimum ratio?
a) $22,500, found by multiplying the collateral by 1.5
b) $10,000, found by dividing the collateral by 1.5
c) $7,500, found by taking 50% off the collateral
d) $15,000, equal to the full collateral value
04. A bank's finance committee is reviewing the business case for a blockchain trade-finance platform. The case reports only a simple payback period, and most of the projected savings arrive in years four to eight.
Why should the committee also ask for a net present value (NPV) analysis?
a) It excludes integration and staffing costs, isolating the license economics of the platform
b) It shows how quickly the upfront cost is recovered, which a payback period cannot show
c) It locks in one expected outcome, so adoption sensitivity no longer has to be tested
d) It discounts later savings for time value and counts those after payback
05. An asset servicer plans to represent ownership rights in a warehouse of commodities as digital units recorded on a distributed ledger, so the rights can be transferred between holders.
Which term describes this process?
a) Securitization
b) Book-entry registration
c) Asset tokenization
d) Dematerialization
06. Which transaction appears first in each Bitcoin block and claims the block reward for the miner who produced it?
a) The highest-fee transaction in the block
b) The coinbase transaction
c) The genesis transaction
d) The miner's change-output transaction
07. A central bank plans a retail CBDC that households can hold directly. A commercial bank's asset-liability committee worries that, in a period of stress, customers will move large sums out of their deposits and into the CBDC.
Which design feature MOST directly addresses this concern?
a) Limits on how much CBDC each holder can keep
b) A token-based model so that payments are verified without checking identity
c) Settlement on a distributed ledger run by the central bank and its partner institutions
d) Programmable conditions that restrict CBDC spending to approved merchant categories
08. An insurer onboarding a new policyholder accepts a verifiable credential that the customer's bank issued after completing KYC checks. The insurer wants to confirm the credential at onboarding without depending on the bank's systems being available.
How does the insurer confirm that the credential is genuine?
a) It calls the bank's API to confirm the customer's KYC status each time a check is needed
b) It looks up the customer's identity records, stored in full on a public blockchain by the bank
c) It re-runs KYC and compares the results
d) It verifies the bank's digital signature on the credential the customer presents
09. A sovereign wealth fund's Corda node receives a proposed transaction that transfers bond states to it. The bonds were issued and traded several times among other parties before this transfer, and the fund's node saw none of those earlier transactions.
Before signing, how does the node establish that the bond states are genuine?
a) It downloads the global ledger and checks the bonds against every trade
b) It asks the notary to confirm the issuer's identity and the bond terms
c) It resolves and verifies the chain of earlier transactions behind the input states
d) It relies on the seller's signature, because Corda identities are verified
10. A crypto payments firm's monitoring shows that funds arriving for a merchant client passed through a mixing service minutes before deposit. The client says the coins came from ordinary customer sales.
What should the firm do FIRST?
a) Credit the funds and record the merchant's explanation in the client file
b) Apply enhanced due diligence before processing
c) Return the coins to the sending address and close the merchant's account
d) Wait for extra block confirmations, then credit the merchant as normal